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  • Writer's pictureGaby Fiszman

ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืงืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก


ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืืœืžืœื ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืงืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืœืžืœื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”-1 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1939 ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืช ื’ื•ื™ืก ืœืฆื‘ื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืœื”ืงื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื•ื™ืก ื‘ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื™ืœ 18 ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืœื— ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ. ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืืœืžืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืงืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก.


ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื’ื“ืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืืจื”"ื‘, ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื•ืง'ื 'ืจื•ืœ, ื‘ืœื•ื–, R&B, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืช ืงืื ื˜ืจื™. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืขืจื™ืฆื•. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื™ื ื’ื•, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžืจ ื”ื‘ืœื•ื– ื•ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ ืœื™ื™ื˜ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืงื™ื ืก ืžื•ืฉื ืœื”ืขืจืฆื” ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ื–ื” ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืชื ืžื•ืขื“ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืงืกืก ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ื•ืคืงื™ื ืก ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘.


ืคืขื ืกื™ืคืจ ืจื™ื ื’ื•:

ืชืžื™ื“ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืช ื‘ืœื•ื–. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1959 ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื’ืจ ืœื™ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ืงืกืก ื›ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื’ืจ ืœื™ื™ื˜ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืงื™ื ืก, ื ื’ืŸ ื”ื‘ืœื•ื– ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื’'ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ื”ืœืš ืœืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื•ืžื™ืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืจืคื•ืœ ื’ื ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืžืคืขืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื ื™ื™ืจืช ืขื ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงืจืขื ื• ืื•ืชื ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื–ืžืŸ. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•


ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื’'ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื• ื ื›ื ืขื• ืชื—ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื™ืœื•ืงื™ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ืืจื•ืš, ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื– ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื›ืชื” ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.

ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื’'ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”-19 ืœื˜ืงืกืก, ืœื”ืงืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื‘ื˜ืงืกืก ื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ื–, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืจืคื•ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”. ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืจื™ื ื’ื• ืœืœื”ืงืช ืจื•ืจื™ ืกื˜ื•ืจื ื•ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ืงื ืก ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืฉื ืช 1962, ืœืœื”ืงืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื’'ื•ืŸ, ืคื•ืœ ื•ื’'ื•ืจื’'.

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