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  • Writer's pictureGaby Fiszman

ืžื™ ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ืจื™ื ื’ื•?

ื‘-11 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1964, ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื‘-Washington Coliseum, ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ืคื ื™ื ืฉื ืขืจื›ื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ื‘ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ, ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื–ืžื ืช ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ, ืœื•ืจื“ ื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืื•ืจืžืกื‘ื™-ื’ื•ืจ, ื•ืจืขื™ื™ืชื•, ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ืœื‘ื™ื”.


ื’'ื•ืŸ ืœื ื•ืŸ, ืคื•ืœ ืžืงืจื˜ื ื™, ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื• ืกื˜ืืจ ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืื•ืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืฉืขื” 1:00 ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื•ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื’ืœื™ื ื’, ืื›ื™ืœืช ื›ืจื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื’ื™ืžืช ืงื•ืงื˜ืœื™ื, ืžื™ื“ ื”ืฆื˜ื•ืคืคื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื, ื“ื—ืคื• ืื•ืชื, ื ื’ืขื• ื‘ื”ื, ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ืžื”ื ื—ืชื™ืžื•ืช. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื’ื” ืžื”ืžื”ื•ืžื” ื”ืขื ื™ืงื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ื—ืชื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ , !Meet the Beatles, ืœื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ืจืœื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื” ื™ื™ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฆื“ืงื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ National Association for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. ืจื™ื ื’ื•, ื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ื›ืฉืืžืจ ืœื–ื•ื›ื™ื:

ืื ืืชื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืคืจื ืง ืกื™ื ื˜ืจื”.


ื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืคืจืก, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื˜ื•ืคืคื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื ื•ื ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืจื™ื ื’ื• ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื•ื–ืจ ืฉื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืจืืฉื•. ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ื”ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื•ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื–ืขื. ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืžืจื” ืœื”ื ืืฉืช ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ:

ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”. ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื›ื™ืฃ.


ื’'ื•ืŸ ืœื ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื ืช 1971:

ื‘ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช, ืื• ื‘ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ, ืื• ืื™ืคื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื”, ืื™ื–ื• ื‘ื”ืžื” ื’ื–ืจื” ืืช ืฉืขืจื• ืฉืœ ืจื™ื ื’ื•. ื™ืฆืื ื• ืžืฉื ืžืงืœืœื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื–ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข


ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืง ืจื™ื ื’ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 1983, ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ:

ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื–ืžื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื ื—ืžื“ ืžืฆื“ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ืข. ืœื ื”ื›ืจื ื• ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฆื•ืจื”. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืฉืชื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื”ื ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืฉ ืื™ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื ืืœื™ ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื’ื–ืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื•ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื’ื™ื– ืื•ืชื™. ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืฆืจื•ื— ื•ืœื ื ืฉืืจื ื• ืฉื ืœืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’.


ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข, ืคื ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™, ื’'ื•ืืŸ ืงื ืœ, ืœืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ืจืื‘ ื‘ืื˜ืœืจ, ื•ื“ืจืฉื” ืžืžื ื• ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืงืจื™ืช, ื‘ื–ื• ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ:

ื”ืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื“ืจื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก, ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื™ื—ืก ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื?


ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ืœืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™, ืžืชืืจื™ืš ื”-10 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 1964, ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ, ืฉืขืค"ื™ ื”ื—ืฉื“, ืžื™ ืฉื’ื–ืจื” ืืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจื™ื ื’ื•, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืฉืžื” ืื• ืืช ืฉื ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜. ื›ืš ื ืกื’ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืœื ื”ืจืคืชื” ืžื”ืชืงืจื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืœืชื”, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืข"ื™ ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ ืื• ืืฉืช ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ ืืœื ืข"ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืฆื” ื‘ืช 18 ื‘ืฉื ื‘ื•ื•ืจืœื™ ืžืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ', ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืกืชื ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืคื ื™ื.


ื‘ื•ื•ืจืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ National Institutes of Health, ื•ื™ืฆืื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืœื” ืœื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืขื ื“ื™ ื’'ื™ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื™, ืฉื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก ื‘ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ื“ืจืš ืงืฉืจื™ื•, ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช. ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืชื ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœื‘ื•ืื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก ืœืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ื‘ื•ื•ืจืœื™ ืžื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื” ืฉื™ื™ืงื— ืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืื‘ื™ื” ื“ืจืฉ ืฉืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขื“ ืื–. ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืคืกืคืก ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก ื•ืกื™ืจื‘ ืœื‘ืงืฉืชื”. ื›ืฉืกื•ืคืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก ื‘ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ืฉืขื” 1:00 ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืฉื›ื—ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืจืœื™ ืžืื‘ื™ื” ื•ืืฃ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ืชื™ืžื•ืช ืžืคื•ืœ, ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื•. ื’'ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ ืœื—ืœืง ื—ืชื™ืžื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื“ืจืฉ. ืฉื•ื‘ ืคื ืชื” ื‘ื•ื•ืจืœื™ ืœื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื ื ื” ืฉื™ื™ืงื— ืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื ืขื ืชื” ื‘ืกื™ืจื•ื‘. ืœื˜ืขื ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื•ืจืœื™, ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื ืžื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”. ื‘ื•ื•ืจืœื™ ืฉืœืคื” ืžื”ืชื™ืง ืฉืœื” ืžืกืคืจื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื ื™ื’ืฉื” ืœืจื™ื ื’ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื’ื‘ื•, ื•ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืจืืฉื•. ื‘ื•ื•ืจืœื™ ืกื™ืคืจื” ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื”, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืขืœื” ื ืขืœื™ ืขืงื‘ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืงืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื”. ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืจืœื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื” ืžื™ื“ ืกื•ืœืงื• ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ืข"ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื•ืจืœื™ ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืžืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ื ื ื™ื ืฉืชืฉืœื— ืœื”ื ืฉื™ืขืจื” ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœืื›ื–ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื’ื–ืจื” ื‘ื•ื•ืจืœื™ ืฉื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืจืืฉื” ืฉืœ ืืžื”, ื•ืฉืœื—ื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืขื˜ืคื•ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉื™ืขืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื™ื ื’ื•.


ื”ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื–ืžื ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืคื ื™ื ืจืฉืžื™ืช, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘-4 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1966, ืข"ื™ ืื™ืžืœื“ื” ืžืจื›ื•ืก, ืืฉืช ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื. ื”ืคืขื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื•ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.


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